Jacobi polynomials on the simplex of Hermitian matrices and zonal spherical functions on partial flag manifolds

Abstract

We introduce the radial part of the Laplace--Beltrami operator on partial flag manifolds and study its eigenfunctions, the elementary zonal spherical functions. These eigenfunctions can be related to orthogonal polynomials on the simplex of Hermitian matrix invariant under simultaneous conjugation by unitary matrices with respect to the complex matrix variate Dirichlet distribution. Using a matrix variate version of Koornwinders method for constructing orthogonal polynomials in multiple variables from orthogonal polynomials in one variable, we construct a family of pairwise orthogonal polynomials in terms of Hermitian Jacobi polynomials and conjecture that these are elementary zonal spherical functions. Furthermore, we recall the definition of multivariate Schur polynomials and show how they can be used to obtain information about elementary zonal spherical functions. In particular, we give some partial results in the direction that the radial part of the Laplace--Beltrami operator on partial flag manifolds is strongly triangular with respect to the multivariate Schur polynomials. The elementary zonal spherical functions can then be constructed by applying the Gram--Schmidt orthogonalisation process to the multivariate Schur functions.