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arXiv · 2607.28749

Detection-resolution limits of large-momentum-transfer atom gravimetry

Asad Ali·Saif Al-Kuwari
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Abstract

Large momentum transfer (LMT) enhances the gravitational phase of a light-pulse atom interferometer by a factor $n$, while mirrorless operation with momentum-resolved detection can quadruple the phase-carrying quantum Fisher information. These gains compete in practice because the momentum-space fringe period scales as $1/n$, making the fringe signal increasingly vulnerable to finite detector resolution. We analyze this trade-off in a solvable model with instantaneous lossless $n$-photon pulses, a Gaussian source, and Gaussian detection blur, allowing continuous interpolation between Kasevich--Chu and mirrorless geometries. Closed-form expressions for the blurred output distributions and classical Fisher information are obtained, with a fringe-phase averaging approximation whose error is exponentially suppressed and agrees with numerical simulations at the $10^{-8}$ level. We find that mirrorless operation surpasses a conventional interferometer with the same momentum transfer only when $\sigma_p < 0.91\,m/(n k_0 T)$. Fringe-based readout exhibits an optimal momentum transfer $n^* \simeq 0.93\,m/(\sigma_p k_0 T)$ and a resolution-limited sensitivity floor $\Delta g \simeq 4.4\,\sigma_p/(mT\sqrt{N})$, independent of photon momentum. When this criterion is not satisfied, partial mirror asymmetry can recover part of the enhancement, whereas population-based readout remains insensitive to detector blur and ultimately favors the conventional sequence at sufficiently large $n$. Estimates for $^{87}$Rb sensors show that the mirrorless advantage is primarily restricted to short-baseline instruments.

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Asad Ali, Saif Al-Kuwari. 2026-07-30. Detection-resolution limits of large-momentum-transfer atom gravimetry. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28749

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