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arXiv · 2607.29272

Temporal Role Colouring

Jessica Enright·Kitty Meeks·Puck Rombach·Ella Yates
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Abstract

A role colouring of a graph $G$ is an assignment of colours to the vertices of $G$ such that two vertices of the same colour have identical sets of colours in their neighbourhoods. This model is used to capture the idea of vertices having roles in a contact network, consistent with the set of roles of their contacts. We define an extension of the role colouring problem to temporal graphs. Temporal roles are defined via an automaton with states and transitions capturing both the current colour of a vertex and information about its current and past adjacencies. We show, by a reduction from the static problem, that the temporal role colouring problem is NP-complete. To contend with this intractability, we explore several parameterisations. We give fixed-parameter tractability results with respect to the number of states of the automaton combined with either the vertex-interval-membership width or the tree-interval-membership width of the temporal graph. We further show the problem is in FPT parameterised by the treewidth of the underlying graph, the lifetime of the temporal graph and the number of colours combined.

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Jessica Enright, Kitty Meeks, Puck Rombach, Ella Yates. 2026-07-31. Temporal Role Colouring. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.29272

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