On four representations of the law of aftershock evolution

A. V. Guglielmi; O. D. Zotov

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arXiv · 2607.29381

On four representations of the law of aftershock evolution

A. V. Guglielmi·O. D. Zotov

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Abstract

The relaxation of the earthquake source following the main shock has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally, based on data regarding the evolution of aftershocks. It is shown that Omori picture of aftershock evolution is not holistic, whereas the Hirano-Utsu representation contradicts observations. Linear and discrete representations are proposed. They are based on original concepts regarding deactivation and the proper time of the source. The difference between the linear and discrete representations lies in the procedure for processing experimental data on aftershocks. In the linear representation, proper time is calculated based on the frequency of aftershocks. In a discrete representation, the source's proper time is measured by an imaginary underground clock, the rate of which differs radically from that of universal time. In the linear representation, the frequency of aftershocks is described by the simplest nonlinear differential equation. In the discrete representation, the aftershock frequency is described by a first-order linear differential equation. It has been found that aftershock activity decays exponentially with the source's proper time. Keywords: earthquake source, foreshocks, mainshock, aftershock theory, Omori law, Utsu's law, proper time, underground clock, deactivation coefficient, source relaxation.

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A. V. Guglielmi, O. D. Zotov. 2026-07-31. On four representations of the law of aftershock evolution. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.29381

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