Classification of irreducible highest weight modules for the parafermion vertex algebras $N_k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ at arbitrary level

Abstract

Let $N^k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ be the universal parafermion vertex algebra and $N_k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ its simple quotient. We classify all irreducible highest weight $N^k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$-modules for every $k\neq 0$. We give a presentation of Zhu's algebra $A(N^k(\mathfrak{sl}_2))$ as a quotient of a polynomial algebra in four variables by an ideal generated by three explicit polynomials. This presentation also shows that $A(N^k(\mathfrak{sl}_2))$ is a free module of rank three over the polynomial subalgebra generated by the classes of the fields of weights two and three. The irreducible highest weight $N^k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$-modules are parametrized by a two-parameter family $L_k[x,y]$, $(x,y)\in\mathbb C^2$, constructed using a free-field realization. We also prove that each $N^k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$-module $L_k[x,y]$ can be realized as an $N^k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$-submodule of an irreducible weight module $M$ for the universal affine vertex algebra $V^k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$. At non-integral admissible levels, we prove that $L_k[x,y]$ is an $N_k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$-module if and only if the associated $V^k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$-module $M$ is an $L_k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$-module. This gives the classification of irreducible highest weight $N_k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$-modules at all non-integral admissible levels. We also classify the irreducible highest weight modules for the simple parafermion algebra $N_{-2}(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ at the critical level. At positive integral levels, the irreducible $N_k(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$-modules were previously classified by Arakawa, Lam, and Yamada.