Fluctuations of topological charges in two-dimensional classical Heisenberg model through high-temperature and low-temperature expansions

Shan-Chang Tang

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arXiv · 2608.03195

Fluctuations of topological charges in two-dimensional classical Heisenberg model through high-temperature and low-temperature expansions

Shan-Chang Tang

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Abstract

It is well known that KT transition in 2d XY model is driven by the binding and unbinding of topological defects, which can be characterized by the fluctuation of topological charges inside a region. We extend the idea into the 2d Heisenberg model and calculate the fluctuation through high-temperature and low-temperature expansion respectively. It is found that the fluctuation of topological charges is proportional to the area of the region at high temperatures while obeys the perimeter law at low temperatures.

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Shan-Chang Tang. 2026-08-04. Fluctuations of topological charges in two-dimensional classical Heisenberg model through high-temperature and low-temperature expansions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.03195

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