Event-Based Spatial-Carrier Interferometry for Surface-Normal Vibration-Waveform Reconstruction

Abstract

Non-contact measurement of small vibrations perpendicular to a surface supports the evaluation of mechanical structures, but in camera-based interferometry, increasing the frame rate makes a trade-off with the field of view and spatial resolution. By recording only brightness changes, event cameras avoid this trade-off and reach high temporal and spatial resolution; our previously reported event topology-based visual vibrometer recovers vibration from apparent motion. This high-speed, high-resolution sensing is well suited to full-field measurement, yet such vibration produces too little apparent motion to capture its waveform. Here we show that event-based spatial-carrier interferometry reconstructs that waveform from moving interference fringes. That displacement moves the fringes, and signed event-density maps built from the event stream are demodulated at the spatial carrier to recover the interferometric phase and fix the otherwise ambiguous motion direction at turning points. Reconstructed waveforms agree with laser Doppler vibrometry over broad drive-frequency and amplitude ranges, with limits set by the maximum fringe speed and the sensor performance. Reconstruction is limited by a minimum aperture of about two fringe periods along the carrier and one along the fringes, which allows the surface to be mapped region by region. These results provide an empirical basis for full-field, spatially resolved interferometric vibrometry with event cameras as a non-contact measurement technique.