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arXiv · 2608.04974

AsymSpec: Efficient Cloud-Edge Speculative Decoding over Asymmetric Networks

Guotao Yang·Hao Chen·Rui Guo·Xinyu Li·Liang Zheng·Sheng Chen·Yitao Hu·Keqiu Li
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Abstract

Cloud-edge speculative decoding places a lightweight draft model at an edge gateway and a higher-quality target model in the cloud, but inserts communication into every speculative block. Under a constrained uplink, candidate messages may queue while the verifier is idle. Stop-and-wait scheduling leaves edge compute underutilized; optimistic same-request runahead can waste work when a rejection or an unexpected bonus token invalidates dependent drafts. We present AsymSpec, which addresses uplink-gated verification and invalid dependent work with two corresponding mechanisms. Its asymmetric verification protocol keeps the common-path acceptance upload compact and moves richer, rejection-only correction information to the downlink. A total-variation (TV) certificate for the residual distribution determines whether a small target top-K response suffices; if not, the protocol progressively escalates through proposal-based exact recovery before falling back to the full distribution. Its confirmed-prefix pipeline exposes only independent, valid requests to the edge scheduler and lets the cloud re-batch arrived blocks, hiding verification waits when another confirmed-prefix request is ready without using same-request runahead. Across three draft-target pairs, two workloads, and three asymmetric network profiles, our end-to-end evaluation shows that AsymSpec delivers 2.82-28.03$\times$ the output-token throughput of the strongest baseline.

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Guotao Yang, Hao Chen, Rui Guo, Xinyu Li, Liang Zheng, Sheng Chen, Yitao Hu, Keqiu Li. 2026-08-05. AsymSpec: Efficient Cloud-Edge Speculative Decoding over Asymmetric Networks. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.04974

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