Coupled quintessence from an axion dark sector

Abstract

Recent observational data arising from the DESI collaboration has hinted at a possible departure from the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model, preferring instead the presence of a dynamical dark energy component. Specifically, the associated equation of state of the dark energy features a crossing into the so-called phantom regime, which is challenging to accommodate in canonical single scalar-field scenarios. However, this behavior can be effectively described by an interacting dark sector, where the specific dark energy equation of state remains above the phantom divide whilst the dark matter component deviates from the standard cold dark matter evolution. In this work, we explore this possibility in the context of an axion dark sector, where both the dark energy and dark matter are represented by two interacting axion-like fields. We show that given the required mass hierarchy for these fields to play such roles, their dynamics can be effectively placed in the coupled quintessence framework, where their motion follows from a sourced continuity equation in the fluid description. In this regime, we perform a statistical analysis of this scenario with current data, finding that a sub-Planckian dark energy axion decay constant stays well within the observational bounds without the need to fine-tune the associated field's initial conditions. We also perform a comparison with $\Lambda$CDM, where we find that the model provides a better fit to the data while staying competitive from a Bayesian perspective.