Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2608.05713

Constructing the canonical harmonic coordinates of Kerr metric to the fourth post-Minkowskian order

Zizheng Xing·Xiaokai He·Zhoujian Cao
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

In this paper we construct the canonical harmonic coordinates of the Kerr metric within the multipolar post-Minkowskian (MPM) formalism to the fourth post-Minkowskian (4PM) order. Based on the well known Geroch--Hansen moments of Kerr metric and G\"ursel's theorem, we derive the exact canonical MPM moments $\mathrm{M}_L,\mathrm{S}_L$, which are free of any gauge moments. With these moments, we iteratively compute the gothic metric perturbation $h^{\mu\nu}_{\mathrm{can}}$ up to 4PM order and compute the 4PM canonical metric $g_{\mu\nu}^{\mathrm{can}}$. The resulting spatial and time components of these metrics are even functions of the spin parameter $a$ while the mixed components are odd. This parity property distinguishes the canonical coordinates from other harmonic coordinates. To contrast this minimal-gauge construction, we also extract the 1PM source moments of the Kerr metric in the Jiang--Lin coordinates. We find that the Jiang--Lin representation possesses non-vanishing gauge moments starting from the 1PM order, whereas in the canonical representation gauge moments vanish to all orders. This comparison highlights the canonical coordinates as the most gauge-pure representation of the Kerr metric in the MPM framework. The complete canonical metric for the Schwarzschild case is also computed to all PM orders. A recent independent construction by Damgaard et al. using momentum-space recursion yields 4PM equivalent results expressed as a power series in $a$, providing a cross-validation of our closed-form 4PM canonical metric. The coordinate transformation linking the canonical Kerr coordinates to previously known harmonic Kerr coordinates remains an open problem.

Explore related subjects

gr-qc

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Zizheng Xing, Xiaokai He, Zhoujian Cao. 2026-08-06. Constructing the canonical harmonic coordinates of Kerr metric to the fourth post-Minkowskian order. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.05713

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Electrovacuum Black Hole Uniqueness

We prove the black hole uniqueness conjecture in the axially symmetric, stationary, electrovacuum setting, subject to the refined asymptotic analysis of the associated singular harmonic maps, which includes an analyticity hypothesis at the axes. More precisely, it is shown that any asymptotically flat solution of the Einstein--Maxwell equations in this class, with more than one black hole horizon component is either: Majumdar--Papapetrou, up to a duality rotation, in which case all logarithmic angle defects vanish, or every finite axis rod logarithmic angle defect is strictly negative and hence every interaction force is strictly attractive. The proof extends the singular harmonic map method used for vacuum Kerr uniqueness in [18].

gr-qc↗
arXiv2026

Constraining Modified Mass-to-Horizon Cosmology Through Primordial Inflationary Observables

We investigate slow-roll inflation in a modified cosmological framework inspired by a generalized mass-to-horizon relation (MHR), $M=\gamma {c^2 L^n}/{G}$, where $n$ is a real parameter and $\gamma$ a dimensional constant. Using Padmanabhan's emergence paradigm, we derive the modified Friedmann equations for a flat FRW universe and analyze the dynamics of a canonical scalar field (inflaton) under the slow-roll approximation. We study the resulting inflationary phenomenology for power-law and Starobinsky potentials. For power-law potentials, the MHR modification fails to reconcile these models with current CMB constraints on $r$ and $n_s$. In contrast, Starobinsky inflation exhibits significant sensitivity to deviations from $n=1$. A perturbative analysis ($n=1+\Delta$) yields corrections to inflationary observables. We observe that the scalar power-spectrum normalization, under a fixed-Starobinsky prescription, imposes the stringent constraint $0.960 \lesssim n \lesssim 1.040$ for $N=60$ efolds. This is considerably tighter than spectral-index bounds. Our results establish inflation, particularly Starobinsky-like models, as a sensitive probe of generalized horizon thermodynamics and departures from standard MHR scaling.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2026

Improving the Sensitivity of Gravitational Wave Detection with Weighted Conformal Prediction

In the last decade, kilometre-scale interferometric gravitational-wave detectors have observed hundreds of compact binary mergers, the majority of which are binary black holes. However, the data are noise-dominated, and multiple independent search algorithms (pipelines) are used to enhance sensitivity and improve robustness. Rather than the standard approach of selecting the most significant pipeline output, we combine the outputs from all pipelines using a conformal prediction-based framework to provide statistically rigorous confidence estimates for candidate events. While combining pipelines improves sensitivity and ranking robustness, it requires a principled statistical framework that remains valid as data properties evolve across observing runs. A key challenge is distribution shifts between simulated datasets used for training and calibration and the real, unlabelled, observations used for testing, which can invalidate coverage guarantees and bias confidence estimates. In this work, we address this challenge by incorporating likelihood-ratio reweighting into our conformal prediction framework to account for covariate shift. Using mock datasets containing simulated signals, we demonstrate that weighted conformal prediction restores well-calibrated coverage under covariate shift and increases the confidence of events near the detection threshold, recovering true signals that would otherwise be missed.

gr-qc↗