B-index polynomial for twisted knots

Abstract

A twisted link is a generalization of a virtual link associated with link diagrams on closed surfaces, which may be non-orientable. In this paper, we generalize the notion of the index value for twisted knots. Based on this generalization, we introduce a polynomial invariant for twisted knots, called the $\mathcal{B}$-Index polynomial. Furthermore, we construct a family of twisted knots $\{D_n\}_{n\geq 1}$ with arc shift number $n$ and determine their $\mathcal{B}$-Index polynomials explicitly in terms of $n$. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and sensitivity of the $\mathcal{B}$-Index polynomial as an invariant of twisted knots. We also study the behavior of this polynomial under mirror images and orientation reversal. Furthermore, we conclude this paper by investigating the cosmetic crossing change conjecture and establishing a condition under which a crossing does not admit cosmetic behavior.