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arXiv · 2608.08153

Learning Structural Illumination for Unsupervised Low-light Enhancement

Tianle Du·Peiyuan He·Hainuo Wang·Tianxiu Yu·Xiaojie Guo
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Abstract

Existing unsupervised low-light image enhancement (LLIE) methods often estimate illumination directly from the entire low-light input, without separating its spatially varying illumination pattern, termed relative illumination structure, from the absolute exposure level or preventing unreliable low signal-to-noise ratio regions from biasing the estimate. Moreover, fixed exposure targets impose a scene-agnostic enhancement criterion, limiting adaptation across diverse lighting conditions. Inspired by the spatial propagation of light, we propose a Relative Illumination Structure Estimation (RISE) framework that decouples relative illumination structure from absolute exposure and infers it from reliable bright regions, enabling interpretable and robust enhancement. For scene-adaptive exposure adjustment, we further propose a Dual-Metering Exposure Reference derived from each input, allowing RISE to adapt the enhancement strength to individual scenes and generalize across diverse lighting conditions. Extensive benchmark and real-world generalization experiments show that RISE achieves state-of-the-art performance among unsupervised LLIE methods while producing visually natural results.

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Tianle Du, Peiyuan He, Hainuo Wang, Tianxiu Yu, Xiaojie Guo. 2026-08-08. Learning Structural Illumination for Unsupervised Low-light Enhancement. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.08153

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