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arXiv · 2608.11147

When and Where Faults Matter: A Study of Transient Errors in CKKS Multiplication

Vattana Chan·Matías Mazzanti·Karthik Swaminathan·Augusto Vega·Esteban Mocskos·Radha Venkatagiri
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Abstract

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a privacy-preserving encryption paradigm that enables computation directly on encrypted data without requiring decryption. In this paper, we study errors in fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) computations, with a particular focus on server-side homomorphic multiplication in the unoptimized CKKS (Cheon--Kim--Kim--Song) scheme. We show that both the timing and the location of errors in the ciphertext components \(c_0\) and \(c_1\) have a significant impact on the correctness of the final FHE output.

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Vattana Chan, Matías Mazzanti, Karthik Swaminathan, Augusto Vega, Esteban Mocskos, Radha Venkatagiri. 2026-08-11. When and Where Faults Matter: A Study of Transient Errors in CKKS Multiplication. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.11147

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