ALMA observations of pre-JWST z ~ 10 galaxy candidates: A CO(J = 9-8) line from a ULIRG at z = 2.54 and revisit of the photometric redshifts with JWST photometry

Abstract

We present Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) observations targeting the [OIII]$88\,\mu$m line for six $z\sim10$ galaxy candidates selected with the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope. We detect a line ($4.5\sigma$) and dust continuum emission ($30\sigma$) in UDS_18697, while detecting neither robust line nor continuum emission in the remaining five objects. The detected line in UDS_18697 is identified as CO($J=9-8$), because follow-up James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRSpec observations have confirmed the redshift as $z=2.54$. UDS_18697 is classified as an ultra luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) with far-infrared (FIR) luminosity of $L_\mathrm{FIR}\approx1.1\times10^{12}\,L_\odot$, assuming a dust temperature of $T_\mathrm{d}\approx42\,$K, estimated using a physically-motivated method. We find that UDS_18697 follows the $L_\mathrm{FIR}-L'_\mathrm{CO}$ relation for local and $z>2$ galaxies, albeit being slightly brighter in CO($J=9-8$). Also, based on the follow-up NIRSpec observations and spectral energy distribution fitting using JWST/NIRCam photometry, we found that most of our targets are suggested to be low-$z$ interlopers. Motivated by these redshift misclassifications, we investigate colour--colour selection criteria for high-$z$ galaxies using JWST spectroscopic survey catalogues. We find that elevating a colour threshold tracing the Lyman break is crucial for constructing a robust high-$z$ sample, particularly for wide field surveys such as Euclid Deep Fields and Roman High-Latitude Wide-Area Survey.