RFWM: Physics-Guided World Model for Dynamic Wireless Radiance Field Generation

Abstract

Radio-frequency (RF) radiance-field modeling is essential for wireless network optimization and sensing, yet remains challenging in dynamic and unseen environments. Existing learning-based methods synthesize RF fields from sparse measurements, but most struggle to generalize to dynamic and unseen environments. To address this limitation, we propose RFWM, a physics-guided RF world model that maps multimodal physical conditions like visual dynamics and AP configurations to spatiotemporal RF fields. RFWM adopts a two-stage training strategy with physics-guided priors and constraints. In the first stage, RFWM adapts a pretrained visual diffusion backbone to RF trajectories to predict RF sequences from a few past RF inputs, while conditioning the backbone on a Friis-guided prior for coarse attenuation guidance. In the second stage, RFWM learns the physical-to-RF mapping by training a ControlNet from scratch and fine-tuning the RF-adapted backbone, while six physics-guided regularizers enforce fine-grained propagation consistency. Cross-height heads then jointly generate RF trajectories at queried receiver heights in one forward pass. We construct a new benchmark of 7,715 sequences averaging 33 frames across 115 environments for dynamic RF-field generation. Experimental results show that RFWM improves MSE by approximately 7 dB and 3 dB over the state of the art under in-distribution and out-of-distribution settings, respectively.