Two distinct gap structures in the mid-infrared optical conductivity of the Hubbard model

Dongwook Kim; Karsten Held

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arXiv · 2608.21284

Two distinct gap structures in the mid-infrared optical conductivity of the Hubbard model

Dongwook Kim·Karsten Held

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Abstract

Mid-infrared (MIR) optical conductivities in cuprate superconductors show universal features. In this study, we demonstrate that these originate from two distinct gaps: the pseudogap mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and the Mott-Hubbard gap. The MIR spectra from these two gaps show a characteristic and distinct shape and doping dependence, and can thus be distinguished. Specifically, the Mott-Hubbard correlations, while rendering a peak in the visible spectrum for small dopings, yield a broad optical response starting in the MIR when a ``waterfall'' develops in the one-particle spectrum at larger dopings. The numerically and analytically determined doping-dependence of both gaps consistently reproduce experiments, and provide a unified microscopic understanding of the cuprate MIR optical conductivity.

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Dongwook Kim, Karsten Held. 2026-08-21. Two distinct gap structures in the mid-infrared optical conductivity of the Hubbard model. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.21284

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