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arXiv · 2608.21629

ChequeMark: An Ensemble Machine Learning Framework for After-Hours Business Deposit Fraud Detection

Ann Youduo Xu·Emily Yu·Justin Leski·William Lam
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Abstract

Cheque fraud is a material risk in after-hours business deposit operations because funds may be released within one business day, while cheque clearing takes several days. This timing gap creates a fraud exposure window for financial institutions. Prior mitigation relies on static, deposit-level checks and therefore miss historical client behavior and evolving patterns. To address this gap, we propose a multi-view ensemble ML framework that combines: Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for known fraud patterns, Isolation Forest for label-free anomaly detection, and Graph Sample and Aggregate (GraphSAGE) for relational patterns associated with transaction activities. We then combine the three outputs into a single client-level risk score. Under stable conditions, performance is comparable to XGBoost; under a targeted distribution shift, our framework performs best (F1: 83.77%, FPR: 0.69%) versus XGBoost (F1: 82.77%, FPR: 0.72%). These results indicate improved robustness to distribution shift while preserving interpretability through plain-language explanations grounded in behavioural, anomaly, and relational evidence.

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Ann Youduo Xu, Emily Yu, Justin Leski, William Lam. 2026-08-21. ChequeMark: An Ensemble Machine Learning Framework for After-Hours Business Deposit Fraud Detection. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.21629

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