Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2608.21807

Analysis and Control of Hepatitis B Virus Spread with Harmonic Mean Incidence and Vertical Transmission: A Compartmental Modeling Approach

Mustaq Ahmad·Archana Singh Bhadauria
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Hepatitis B (HBV) is a potentially fatal liver infection that remains a primary widespread disease around the globe, despite the availability of vaccinations, owing to ongoing obstacles such as vertical transmission and delayed treatment. In the present study, a compartmental mathematical model that accounts for the effects of vertical transmission and harmonic mean type incidence is put forward for the analysis of the transmission dynamics of HBV. The model's threshold behavior is investigated through the basic reproduction number $R_0$, and the qualitative dynamics around the disease-free and endemic equilibria are examined to establish conditions for their asymptotic local and global stability. To identify key epidemiological drivers, the global sensitivity analysis of the system is performed through the incorporation of Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient (PRCC) methodologies. We formulate the optimal control problem using Pontryagin's maximum principle. Effective strategies for diminishing the prevalence of HBV are emphasized through numerical simulations. Numerical simulations demonstrated that optimized control measures play a significant role in reducing the number of infected individuals and increasing the recovered population. In addition, we have characterized three distinct strategies for reducing infection and observed that each has limitations in eliminating infections. However, the simultaneous administration of treatment and vaccination is useful and effective for the reduction of HBV infection.

Explore related subjects

math.DS

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Mustaq Ahmad, Archana Singh Bhadauria. 2026-08-22. Analysis and Control of Hepatitis B Virus Spread with Harmonic Mean Incidence and Vertical Transmission: A Compartmental Modeling Approach. https://doi.org/10.5269/bspm.81393

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Admissible Fourier Lengths, KAM Reducibility, and Spectral Applications

We develop a perturbative KAM reducibility theory for one-frequency $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$ cocycles based on an admissible Fourier length $\ell$. The regularity relevant to the iteration is measured by positive adapted Fourier width rather than ordinary smoothness in the Euclidean length $|n|$. The same length governs Fourier decay, truncation and resonance scales, and the arithmetic condition controlling the small divisors. This framework contains the classical analytic and Gevrey settings, while non-monotone choices of $\ell$ allow classical nowhere differentiable Weierstrass-type perturbations and continuous perturbations outside every positive H\"older class. As spectral applications, we obtain purely absolutely continuous spectrum for every phase and $1/2$-H\"older continuity of the integrated density of states for the associated quasiperiodic Schr\"odinger operators. The Aubry dual has pure point spectrum for Lebesgue almost every dual phase, with eigenfunctions exponentially localized in the metric induced by $\ell$. We also construct nowhere differentiable quasiperiodic potentials with purely absolutely continuous Cantor spectrum.

math.DS↗
arXiv2026

Dynamics inside the attracting basins of some skew products

Polynomial skew products in $\mathbb{C}^2$ are maps of the form $F(z,w)=(P(z),Q(z,w))$, where $P$ and $Q$ are polynomials. Their local dynamics have been widely investigated. In this paper, we study the global dynamics inside Fatou components of some skew products. We consider all the inverse images in a Fatou component of a given point and use the Kobayashi metric to measure the distance between points. In the cases we consider, there are always arbitrarily large Kobayashi balls in the complement of these inverse sets.

math.DS↗
arXiv2026

Ergodicity of dynamical systems without uniqueness of orbits

Recently, there has been considerable interest in the study of non-deterministic dynamical systems. To analyze the chaotic behavior of such systems from a measure-theoretic viewpoint, it is desirable to consider ergodicity. However, the classical definition of ergodicity involves invariant sets, whose definition is not unique for non-deterministic dynamical systems. Thus, we are led to the question of which invariance yields an interesting definition of ergodicity. Here, we propose a definition based on the strong backward invariance and show that analogs of classical results hold. We also consider implications of the Birkhoff ergodic theorem for systems without uniqueness of orbits.

math.DS↗