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arXiv · 2608.21877

Revisiting N2DCG: An Empirically Grounded Reformulation of Carousel Recommendation Evaluation

Jingwei Kang·Santiago de Leon-Martinez·Maarten de Rijke·Harrie Oosterhuis
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Abstract

Carousel interfaces have been widely used in video and music streaming services, yet it remains unclear how to properly evaluate recommender systems in these two-dimensional layouts. N2DCG has been proposed to address this gap by adapting NDCG to carousel-based recommendation, but it relies on unverified assumptions borrowed from the single-list web-search setting that do not transfer well to two-dimensional carousel layouts. We identify two substantial limitations of N2DCG: its ideal ranking, used for normalization, violates carousel constraints, and its discount function does not reflect user browsing behavior observed in empirical data. To address both limitations, we propose a reformulation of N2DCG that normalizes appropriately by respecting constraints and uses an empirically grounded discount function. We validate the proposed metric, showing that it better reflects users' empirical behavior on real-world eye-tracking data and better predicts the comparison results of carousel layouts simulated based on empirical examination patterns.

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Jingwei Kang, Santiago de Leon-Martinez, Maarten de Rijke, Harrie Oosterhuis. 2026-08-22. Revisiting N2DCG: An Empirically Grounded Reformulation of Carousel Recommendation Evaluation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.21877

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