A counterexample to the curve semistability conjecture for Higgs bundles

Pengfei Huang

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arXiv · 2608.22448

A counterexample to the curve semistability conjecture for Higgs bundles

Pengfei Huang

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Abstract

In this paper, we give a counterexample to the Bruzzo--Gra\~na Otero conjecture on the curve semistability for Higgs bundles. Let $\Sigma$ be a very general smooth plane quintic curve and let $X=\Sigma^{(2)}$ be its second symmetric product. Starting from the tautological bundle $F=\mathcal{O}_\Sigma(1)^{[2]}$, we construct a rank four Higgs bundle $\mathcal{E}_s=(E_s,\theta_s)$ on $X$. Then, for every smooth projective curve $C$ and every morphism $f:C\to X$, the pullback Higgs bundle $f^*\mathcal{E}_s=(f^*E_s,f^*\theta_s)$ is semistable. However, on the other hand, $\mathrm{det}(E_s)\cong\mathcal{O}_X$ and $\int_Xc_2(E_s)=10$. Consequently, the discriminant of $E_s$ does not vanish, and $\mathcal{E}_s$ provides the desired counterexample.

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Pengfei Huang. 2026-08-23. A counterexample to the curve semistability conjecture for Higgs bundles. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22448

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