Development of an Autonomous AI Coding Agent using Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and Gemini LLM Frameworks

Abstract

The ongoing changes in software engineering requirements have created a substantial need for automated tools which can create secure source code from natural language input. The performance of traditional Large Language Models (LLMs) becomes limited by their "one-shot" capability which results in logical hallucinations together with reduced algorithmic performance during complicated operations. The research presents an autonomous AI Coding Agent which establishes a connection between LLM-generated content and production-ready software through its organized methodology for decision making. Our framework uses the Gemini 2.5 Flash API for essential reasoning capabilities while employing a tailored Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) method to solve code generation challenges as a search operation. The agent uses a "Self-Critic" evaluator system to test different implementation methods which it ranks according to their accuracy and difficulty level before it improves its operational framework through backpropagation. The system operates through a Flask-based web interface which delivers instant feedback together with syntax highlighting features. Our experimental results show that the MCTS-based method achieves a 92% success rate on complex logical prompts while surpassing standard zero-shot generation models.