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arXiv · 2609.02690

ACLE-MCP: Attested Capability Leases for Execution-Time Trust in Remote LLM Tool Use

Zhiyang Ding·Yang Luo·Guangpu Chen·Qingni Shen·Zhonghai Wu
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Abstract

Remote Model Context Protocol (MCP) services enable large language model agents to invoke external tools, but OAuth authorization alone does not ensure that a later tool call is executed by the provider-side workload that the relying party intended to trust. An endpoint may remain authorized even after execution shifts to a substituted workload, relies on stale appraisal state, reuses authority transferred from another sender, or traverses an undeclared downstream component. We call this problem the post-authorization execution trust gap. We present ACLE-MCP, an invocation-scoped architecture that couples delegated authorization, workload appraisal, and resource-side execution admission. For protected calls, ACLE-MCP issues a short-lived, sender-constrained capability lease that binds the expected workload, freshness requirement, operation, object and parameter bounds, downstream constraints, and receipt obligations. A provider-side Execution Gate consumes the lease immediately before protected tool logic begins. We implement a runnable prototype with Keycloak/OIDC validation, an MCP Python SDK server, and an optional vTPM quote-verification backend. Controlled security experiments and an agent tool-use extension show that weaker authorization or connect-time attestation modes leave distinct post-authorization attacks open, whereas full ACLE-MCP blocks all evaluated attack families while preserving all benign tasks. In the locally simulated agent extension, the complete design increases request-level pooled p95 latency on normal allowed calls by 25.7% relative to OAuth-only. These results indicate that invocation-time binding between call authority and current workload state is a practical complement to OAuth-protected remote tool use.

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Zhiyang Ding, Yang Luo, Guangpu Chen, Qingni Shen, Zhonghai Wu. 2026-09-02. ACLE-MCP: Attested Capability Leases for Execution-Time Trust in Remote LLM Tool Use. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02690

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