Joint Distributions of Minimum and Maximum Angles on High-Dimensional Spheres

Yongcheng Qi; Lijian Yang

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arXiv · 2609.05330

Joint Distributions of Minimum and Maximum Angles on High-Dimensional Spheres

Yongcheng Qi·Lijian Yang

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Abstract

Consider $n$ independent random vectors sampled from uniform distribution on $(p-1)$-dimensional unit sphere. This paper investigates the limiting joint distribution for the minimum and the maximum values of their pairwise angles. It proves that the minimum and the maximum angles are asymptotically independent when both $n$ and $p$ tend to infinity, which solves an open problem raised in Cai, Fan and Jiang (2013) [\emph{Journal of Machine Learning Research} 14, 1837-1864]. Cai, Fan and Jiang (2013) obtained the limiting marginal distributions for both the minimum and the maximum angles under assumption $\lim_{n\to\infty}{\ln n}/p=\beta$ according to whether $\beta=0$, $\beta\in (0,\infty)$, or $\beta=\infty$. This paper presents unified limits for both joint distributions and marginal distributions regardless of the relative divergence rate of $n$ and $p$. The paper also derives the limiting distributions for some statistics based on the minimum and the maximum angles,

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Yongcheng Qi, Lijian Yang. 2026-09-04. Joint Distributions of Minimum and Maximum Angles on High-Dimensional Spheres. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05330

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