Polarity-Asymmetric Structural Calibration for Link Sign Prediction

Abstract

Link sign prediction (LSP) aims to infer the positive or negative polarity of unobserved links in signed networks. Signed Graph Neural Networks (SGNNs) usually rely on signed-graph structural priors, including structural balance and homophily-like similarity, to guide message passing and prediction. These priors describe population-level tendencies, not guarantees for individual target edges. Their failures are especially costly under severe sign imbalance, where errors on minority and locally conflicting relations are harder to detect and correct. We propose Polarity-Asymmetric Structural Calibration (PASC), a target-edge structural-prior calibration framework for signed link prediction. PASC constructs a structure-only prior representation, estimates a target-edge structural prior score, and compares this score with a local signed-context cue to derive a conflict residual. The residual calibrates signed attention aggregation, target-edge gated fusion, and regime-adaptive optimization. Experiments on five real-world signed network datasets show that PASC consistently achieves the best Macro-F1 among representative baselines, with competitive AUC, Binary-F1, and Micro-F1. Structural-shift experiments further suggest reduced dependence on dense-neighborhood and local-closure shortcuts. Source code is available at https://github.com/iqqGGGGGGG/PASC-for-LSP.