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arXiv · 2609.06954

The Dynamical Instability of Rotating Boson Stars

Kai-Dong Zhou·Shou-Shan Bao·Jian Deng·Hong Zhang
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Abstract

We investigate the dynamical instability of rotating boson stars described by the Gross--Pitaevskii--Poisson equations with contact self-interactions. Through three-dimensional simulations, we confirm that the rotating boson star undergoes a quasiperiodic conversion between ring-like and twin-star-like density configurations in the early nonlinear stage. We develop a systematic linear stability analysis to identify the modes driving this instability and show that repulsive self-interactions could significantly increase the lifetime of the rotating boson stars. We further construct a three-mode Hamiltonian to describe the early nonlinear stage, which explains the quasiperiodic conversion. This analytical framework agrees reasonably well with the simulation results and provides a clear picture to understand the dynamics of rotating boson stars.

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Kai-Dong Zhou, Shou-Shan Bao, Jian Deng, Hong Zhang. 2026-09-07. The Dynamical Instability of Rotating Boson Stars. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.06954

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