Understanding Search and Decision Errors in Liver Metastasis Detection and the Effects of Lower Radiation Dose

Parmita Mondal; Rickey Carter; Andrew D Missert; Akitoshi Inoue; Joel G. Fletcher; Hao Gong; Shuai Leng; Lifeng Yu; Cynthia H. McCollough; Scott S. Hsieh

arXiv · 2609.10458

Understanding Search and Decision Errors in Liver Metastasis Detection and the Effects of Lower Radiation Dose

Parmita Mondal·Rickey Carter·Andrew D Missert·Akitoshi Inoue·Joel G. Fletcher·Hao Gong·Shuai Leng·Lifeng Yu·Cynthia H. McCollough·Scott S. Hsieh

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Abstract

The detection performance of liver metastases decreases with the reduction of radiation dose, but misses are heterogeneous. Previous eye tracking work has characterized missed metastases into two categories: search errors i.e., the eyes never land on the lesion, and decision errors i.e., the lesion is seen but not recognized as malignant. We integrated three prior reader studies to answer this question. In all studies, radiologists interpreted the same set of 40 contrast enhanced abdominal CT exams containing 91 liver metastases whose locations had been previously marked. In two studies, the workstation recorded their gaze and eye movements. Using eye dwell times, metastases were classified as search-error-dominant (majority of misses had <2 sec gaze time) or decision-error-dominant (>2 sec gaze time). In the third study, exams were interpreted both at 120 and 200 quality reference mAs (QRM) by ten radiologists. The third study did not include eye tracking. Out of 91 liver metastases, we excluded 16 that were never missed in the eye tracking studies and used 75 liver metastases for the present study.

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Parmita Mondal, Rickey Carter, Andrew D Missert, Akitoshi Inoue, Joel G. Fletcher, Hao Gong, Shuai Leng, Lifeng Yu, Cynthia H. McCollough, Scott S. Hsieh. 2026-09-09. Understanding Search and Decision Errors in Liver Metastasis Detection and the Effects of Lower Radiation Dose. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10458

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