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arXiv · 2609.11413

Heterogeneous Cross-Chain Transaction Tracing for Solana Bridges via Candidate-Set Selective Decision

Wenjie Dou·Zheng Che·Meng Shen·Hanbiao Du·Qing Li·Yan Qiang
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Abstract

Solana is a rapidly growing high-throughput blockchain platform that has attracted substantial liquidity and user activity. However, this expansion has also drawn the attention of illicit actors, who frequently leverage cross-chain bridges to route illicit funds onto Solana to obfuscate transaction lineage. Unlike EVM-compatible platforms, Solana features distinct execution dynamics and lacks standard event logs, creating severe semantic gaps that prevent existing tracing methods from reliably correlating cross-ledger transactions. In this paper, we formalize four types of Solana-bound cross-chain transaction modes and propose a candidate-set selective decision-based tracing method called SolTracer. SolTracer maps disparate execution semantics into a unified event space and employs candidate-set selective decision-making to reliably associate target transactions while abstaining when valid targets are absent. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SolTracer outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods across three representative scenarios: closed-world association, open-world association, and cross-source-chain generalization. In particular, under the challenging open-world setting with a 50% TA ratio, SolTracer improves the F1 score by 20.16% over the strongest SOTA baseline. Utilizing SolTracer, we conduct an empirical analysis on real-world cross-chain transfers to investigate ecosystem dynamics. Our analysis explores the stark count-value divergence across bridge mechanisms, the prevalence of cross-asset shifts, and the decoupling between on-chain settlement and explorer visibility.

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Wenjie Dou, Zheng Che, Meng Shen, Hanbiao Du, Qing Li, Yan Qiang. 2026-09-10. Heterogeneous Cross-Chain Transaction Tracing for Solana Bridges via Candidate-Set Selective Decision. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11413

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