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arXiv · 2609.14352

Beyond Natural Images: Rethinking AI-Generated Image Detection in Documents

Zhangjie Fu·Jiazhen Yan·Yuanwen Chen·Xinquan Yu·Yanzhe Li·Hui Jiang·Lei Gao·Chenfu Bao
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Abstract

AI-generated image detection has attracted increasing attention, but existing evaluations mainly focus on natural images, leaving AI-generated document images largely underexplored. This omission is concerning because documents often appear in sensitive real-world scenarios, such as invoices, expense reports, certificates, and medical records. In this paper, we first construct a controlled diagnostic benchmark, AIGDoc-Pilot, and reveal that existing detectors suffer substantial performance degradation on AI-generated document images, with the mean AUC dropping by more than 7%. Based on this, we further reveal two document-specific properties behind this gap: generation artifacts exhibit strong spatial inconsistency across local regions, and text density significantly affects real-synthetic separability, where text-dense regions offer stronger discriminative evidence. Motivated by these findings, we construct AIGDoc, a larger document-centric dataset containing diverse real-world documents and AI-generated counterparts produced by multiple advanced generation and editing models. Extensive experiments on AIGDoc demonstrate that existing detectors still struggle to reliably identify AI-generated documents, while document-based training partially narrows the gap. Together, these results offer valuable insights for developing dependable and generalizable detectors in document-centric scenarios. The code and datasets will be made publicly available upon acceptance of the paper.

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Zhangjie Fu, Jiazhen Yan, Yuanwen Chen, Xinquan Yu, Yanzhe Li, Hui Jiang, Lei Gao, Chenfu Bao. 2026-09-13. Beyond Natural Images: Rethinking AI-Generated Image Detection in Documents. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14352

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