A proof of the Simon conjecture and curvature rigidities

Abstract

In this paper, we prove all gaps in the Simon conjecture for connected closed minimal surfaces immersed in unit spheres. Our proof uses the line-bundle ladder of Lin, Wang, and Xu and a Dolbeault computation to obtain two-sided ordered spectral comparisons on the two-sphere under Gaussian curvature $K_g\geq1$ and $K_g\leq1$, with rigidity in the equality case. Applying these comparisons at consecutive Calabi scales forces the Gaussian curvature to be one of the two endpoint values. We also establish the corresponding rigidity theorem for closed surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector. Finally, we prove a rotationally symmetric higher-dimensional analogue under a Ricci lower bound and a sectional-curvature upper bound.