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arXiv · 2609.29761

Multi-messenger and multi-band signal from first-order phase transitions in proto-neutron stars

Christian Ecker·Mauro Giliberti·Luciano Rezzolla
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Abstract

A first-order phase transition (PT) alters a compact star on two scales: globally, via growth of a quark-matter core, and microscopically, via collision of quark bubbles, driving a simultaneous gravitational-wave (GW) emission in the kHz and MHz bands. Using a constrained ensemble of model-agnostic equations of state, we follow the accretion-driven evolution of proto-neutron stars through the PT and compute the resulting multi-band GW signal. The correlations found between the kHz emission and the MHz burst could help constrain nuclear matter and the physics of the PT. A delayed neutrino burst should accompany the signal, with the delay set by the details of the PT, thus providing a prime multi-messenger source.

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Christian Ecker, Mauro Giliberti, Luciano Rezzolla. 2026-09-24. Multi-messenger and multi-band signal from first-order phase transitions in proto-neutron stars. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29761

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