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arXiv · 2609.30793

Long-term X-ray variability of the NLS1 Ark 564

Neha P R·Nikita S Arun·Savithri H. Ezhikode·Ranjeev Misra·Bari Maqbool·Jeena K·Joe Jacob
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Abstract

We present a systematic spectral study of the X-ray emission from the Narrow- Line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy Ark 564 using Swift/XRT observations spanning sixteen years. The source exhibits significant variability in both the soft and hard X-ray bands, along with a strong positive correlation between them, indicating a closely coupled emission mechanism within the accretion flow-corona system. A simple absorbed power-law model is statistically insufficient to describe the spectra, confirming the presence of an additional soft component. To investigate the origin of the soft excess, we performed multi-model spectral fitting. Incor- porating a warm Comptonization component yields a statistically improved fit, supporting the scenario in which the soft excess arises from Comptonization in a warm, optically thick corona. We also applied a relativistic reflection model to representative observations; however, given the moderate spectral resolution and limited high-energy coverage of Swift/XRT, the current data do not allow us to robustly determine whether reflection provides a superior or physically preferred description. Our results indicate that warm Comptonization offers a consistent explanation for the observed soft excess in Ark 564 within the limitations of the available data, while deeper broadband observations are required to defini- tively distinguish between competing models and comprehensively characterise the long-term X-ray spectral variability of the source

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Neha P R, Nikita S Arun, Savithri H. Ezhikode, Ranjeev Misra, Bari Maqbool, Jeena K, Joe Jacob. 2026-09-25. Long-term X-ray variability of the NLS1 Ark 564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-026-04643-8

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