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arXiv · 2609.33553

Grid-Forming E-STATCOMs for Stable Integration of Large-Scale Data Centers: Modeling and Control

Prabhat Ranjan Bana·Novan Zakkia·Jean-Philippe Hasler·Christer Danielsson
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Abstract

The rapid expansion of large-scale AI data centers (AIDC) is introducing new stability challenges, particularly in weak or low-inertia networks characterized by fast, step-like demand variations and strict requirements on voltage and dynamic performance. This paper investigates the use of grid-forming (GFM) Enhanced STATCOMs (E-STATCOMs) to support reliable integration of such facilities. A power-admittance-based linear modelling framework is developed to capture system interactions and is validated through detailed EMT simulations. The results demonstrate that E-STATCOMs provide fast, well-damped responses to abrupt load changes while effectively mitigating low-frequency oscillations and interactions with network resonances. By enabling tunable dynamic behavior via a load balancer, virtual impedance, and coordinated active-reactive power support, the proposed approach allows precise shaping of system response and improved regulation at the point of connection. These features make E-STATCOMs a flexible and scalable solution for integrating large data centers into weak grids and long transmission systems, supported by a design-oriented framework that facilitates parameter selection and performance assessment without extensive reliance on EMT studies to meet grid codes and AIDC interconnection requirements.

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Prabhat Ranjan Bana, Novan Zakkia, Jean-Philippe Hasler, Christer Danielsson. 2026-09-27. Grid-Forming E-STATCOMs for Stable Integration of Large-Scale Data Centers: Modeling and Control. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.33553

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