RidgeRank: Efficient Visual Document Reranking via Score Fusion and a Shallow Linear Readout

Shubing Yang; Dongfang Zhao

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arXiv · 2609.34192

RidgeRank: Efficient Visual Document Reranking via Score Fusion and a Shallow Linear Readout

Shubing Yang·Dongfang Zhao

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Abstract

Multimodal language models rerank visual document retrieval results accurately, but scoring every candidate page at full cost makes them slow. Some methods that compress these rerankers need relevance labels to regain accuracy, and they rank by the reranker score alone. RidgeRank measures how much relevance signal the reranker score lacks and recovers it from the retriever score through a closed-form fusion rule. Maximizing a correlation objective gives the optimal fusion weight, along with the exact condition under which the reranker score by itself cannot reach that optimum. The reranker is further corrected by a single vector applied to an intermediate hidden state, obtained through one centered ridge regression onto the same model's full-depth scores on uncompressed pages. On 12 datasets drawn from ViDoRe 2 and ViDoRe 3, evaluated with two retrievers and two language model backbones, RidgeRank brings NDCG@5 to within 1.2 pp of a full cross encoder with speedups of up to 48 times, advancing the accuracy and latency Pareto frontier for visual document reranking.

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Shubing Yang, Dongfang Zhao. 2026-09-28. RidgeRank: Efficient Visual Document Reranking via Score Fusion and a Shallow Linear Readout. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34192

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