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arXiv · 2609.35644

Energy-Driven Evaluation of Network Digital Twinning Applied to mmWave Beam Management

João Borges·Bruno Castro·Kleber Cardoso·Andrey Silva·Aldebaro Klautau
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Abstract

Network Digital Twins (NDTs) are important enablers of 6G and future networks. However, there is a lack of studies regarding practical aspects, such as the impact of simultaneously changing twinning rate, fidelity, and other NDT operational parameters. For instance, works often consider the impact of operational parameters in isolation or with physical twin (PTwin) implementations relying on simulations. Therefore, the main contribution of this work is to provide an in-depth study on the performance impacts of both twinning rate and fidelity, using PTwins that rely on measurements obtained from hardware. We also investigate the optimization of these two operational parameters to minimize energy consumption, exploring a Bayesian Optimization (BO) method and what-if analysis. In this work, the NDT models an indoor propagation environment to optimize beam management. The virtual twin (VTwin) was implemented with the Sionna ray tracing (RT) simulator and the PTwin with our in-house setup composed of customized Wi-Fi radios with 32 antenna elements operating at 60 GHz. The study reveals important aspects of wireless channel NDTs, suggesting that fidelity levels vary throughout the experiment and with the what-if difficulty. Moreover, the twinning rate can be adjusted using sample-efficient methods, such as BO, even at lower fidelity levels.

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João Borges, Bruno Castro, Kleber Cardoso, Andrey Silva, Aldebaro Klautau. 2026-09-28. Energy-Driven Evaluation of Network Digital Twinning Applied to mmWave Beam Management. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35644

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