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arXiv · 2609.35992

CHAMPS: The COSMOS High-Redshift ALMA-MIRI Population Survey - A New Census of the Dusty Early Universe

Andreas L. Faisst·Felix Martinez III·Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe·Manuel Aravena·Caitlin M. Casey·John D. Silverman·Sune Toft·Ezequiel Treister·Jorge A. Zavala·Hiddo S. B. Algera·Andrew J. Battisti·Michele Catone·Jaclyn B. Champagne·Yingjie Cheng·Rasha M. Samir·Maximilien Franco·Kyle Finner·Carter Flayhart·Fabrizio Gentile·Ghassem Gozaliasl·Santosh Harish·Shuowen Jin·Yu-Heng Lin·Lun-Jun Liu·Arianna S. Long·Crystal L. Martin·Bahram Mobasher·Francesca Pozzi·Huimin Qu·Chuan Tian·Mattia Vaccari·Wuji Wang·Can Xu·Hollis B. Akins·Micaela B. Bagley·Angela Bongiorno·Kevin C. Cooke·Olivia R. Cooper·Simon Hempel-Costello·Ivan Delvecchio·Nicole E. Drakos·Andrea Enia·Steven L. Finkelstein·Seiji Fujimoto·Steven Gillman·Carlos Gomez-Guijarro·Jorge Gonzalez-Lopez·Michaela Hirschmann·Olivier Ilbert·Kei Ito·Knud Jahnke·Boris S. Kalita·Daichi Kashino·Vasily Kokorev·Thomas S. -Y. Lai·Erini Lambrides·Daizhong Liu·Georgios E. Magdis·Vincenzo Mainieri·Sinclaire M. Manning·Claudia Maraston·Richard Massey·Henry Joy McCracken·Jed McKinney·Wilfried Mercier·Thibaud Moutard·Masafusa Onoue·Louise Paquereau·Alvio Renzini·Jason Rhodes·R. Michael Rich·Brant E. Robertson·Giulia Rodighiero·David B. Sanders·Claudia M. Scarlata·Nick Scoville·Kartik Sheth·Marko Shuntov·Laura Sommovigo·Martin Sparre·Tomoko L. Suzuki·Margherita Talia·Benny Trakhtenbrot·Francesco Valentino·Brittany N. Vanderhoof·Eleni Vardoulaki·Aswin P. Vijayan·Katherine E. Whitaker·Stephen M. Wilkins
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Abstract

Understanding how dust forms and evolves over cosmic time is a key open problem in extragalactic astrophysics. Galaxies in the early Universe were once thought to be mostly dust-poor, but recent discoveries of heavily dust-obscured galaxies near the Epoch of Reionization challenge models of early dust production and raise new questions about the true cosmic star formation rate density. In this paper, we present the COSMOS High-Redshift ALMA-MIRI Population Survey (CHAMPS), which sheds light on the dusty early universe at z>4. CHAMPS is a new 144h ALMA 1.2mm (band 6) large program mapping the combined JWST/NIRCam+MIRI footprint in the COSMOS field. It covers 0.2deg2 with a synthesized beam size of 1.1" and a sensitivity of 0.14mJy/beam. It is complemented, alongside JWST, by ancillary X-ray, UV, optical, sub-mm, and radio data. CHAMPS, optimized as a blind survey, detects above 5$σ$ approximately 385 individual dusty high-redshift sub-mm sources, 68 dusty AGN, and a dozen dusty galaxies at z>6. The galaxies are largely not detected in JWST/F150W, making them prototypical near-IR dark galaxies. We showcase three of the highest-redshift most dusty and massive candidate galaxies detected in CHAMPS with redshifts up to z=7.5. CHAMPS also enables stacks of thousands of galaxies grouped in bins of various physical parameters. Its sub-mm coverage of dust-attenuated JWST-identified galaxies provides robust constraints on dust masses and obscured star formation rates to study early dust formation and evolution. In addition, CHAMPS enables a blind search for luminous CO line emitters at z=0.4-2.7 and [CII]158$μ$m emitters at z=6.7.

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Andreas L. Faisst, Felix Martinez III, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Manuel Aravena, Caitlin M. Casey, John D. Silverman, Sune Toft, Ezequiel Treister, Jorge A. Zavala, Hiddo S. B. Algera, Andrew J. Battisti, Michele Catone, Jaclyn B. Champagne, Yingjie Cheng, Rasha M. Samir, Maximilien Franco, Kyle Finner, Carter Flayhart, Fabrizio Gentile, Ghassem Gozaliasl, Santosh Harish, Shuowen Jin, Yu-Heng Lin, Lun-Jun Liu, Arianna S. Long, Crystal L. Martin, Bahram Mobasher, Francesca Pozzi, Huimin Qu, Chuan Tian, Mattia Vaccari, Wuji Wang, Can Xu, Hollis B. Akins, Micaela B. Bagley, Angela Bongiorno, Kevin C. Cooke, Olivia R. Cooper, Simon Hempel-Costello, Ivan Delvecchio, Nicole E. Drakos, Andrea Enia, Steven L. Finkelstein, Seiji Fujimoto, Steven Gillman, Carlos Gomez-Guijarro, Jorge Gonzalez-Lopez, Michaela Hirschmann, Olivier Ilbert, Kei Ito, Knud Jahnke, Boris S. Kalita, Daichi Kashino, Vasily Kokorev, Thomas S. -Y. Lai, Erini Lambrides, Daizhong Liu, Georgios E. Magdis, Vincenzo Mainieri, Sinclaire M. Manning, Claudia Maraston, Richard Massey, Henry Joy McCracken, Jed McKinney, Wilfried Mercier, Thibaud Moutard, Masafusa Onoue, Louise Paquereau, Alvio Renzini, Jason Rhodes, R. Michael Rich, Brant E. Robertson, Giulia Rodighiero, David B. Sanders, Claudia M. Scarlata, Nick Scoville, Kartik Sheth, Marko Shuntov, Laura Sommovigo, Martin Sparre, Tomoko L. Suzuki, Margherita Talia, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Francesco Valentino, Brittany N. Vanderhoof, Eleni Vardoulaki, Aswin P. Vijayan, Katherine E. Whitaker, Stephen M. Wilkins. 2026-09-28. CHAMPS: The COSMOS High-Redshift ALMA-MIRI Population Survey - A New Census of the Dusty Early Universe. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35992

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