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arXiv · 2609.37866

Feeling Left Behind? Territorial Disadvantage, Well-Being and Cohesion across European Regions

Stefano Maria Iacus·Giuseppe Porro·Haodong Qi·Devika Jain
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Abstract

Left-behind places are usually identified using economic, demographic and accessibility indicators, but these may not align with well-being and social cohesion. We combine ten years of territorial indicators with subjective measures derived from georeferenced social-media data for over 1,200 NUTS-3 regions in 28 European countries (2013-2023). Regional profiles and within-between panel models reveal uneven relationships: disadvantaged regions can display contrasting levels of well-being and cohesion, national context alters cross-country associations, and between-region differences diverge from within-region change. The findings show that aggregate measures conceal distinct forms and trajectories of territorial disadvantage.

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Stefano Maria Iacus, Giuseppe Porro, Haodong Qi, Devika Jain. 2026-09-29. Feeling Left Behind? Territorial Disadvantage, Well-Being and Cohesion across European Regions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.37866

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