Complete parameterization and parameter-space topology of discrete Wigner representations on $d \times d$ phase space

Abstract

Toroidal discrete Wigner functions (DWFs) for finite-dimensional systems are non-unique. We completely parameterize and topologically classify the labeled single-qudit ${d\times d}$ representations whose phase-point operators are Hermitian, unit-trace, Hilbert--Schmidt orthogonal, and Weyl--Heisenberg covariant, determining the independent parameter freedom in every dimension. Our previously established stencil theorem expresses this family as descents of a doubled ${2d\times2d}$ parent Wigner representation. Here, we solve its projected-stencil admissibility conditions explicitly to obtain the full parameter space of this family. In the symplectic-Fourier representation, admissibility fixes the modulus, leaving phase data on a ${d\times d}$ base cell satisfying a parity-dependent twisted-oddness relation. This gives the parameter space ${(S^1)^{(d^2-1)/2}}$ for odd ${d}$ and ${(S^1)^{(d^2-4)/2}\times\mathbb{Z}_{2}^{3}}$ for even ${d}$. Canonical horizontal and vertical marginals reduce these spaces to ${(S^1)^{(d-1)^2/2}}$ and ${(S^1)^{d\,(d-2)/2}\times\mathbb{Z}_{2}}$, respectively. The same phase data parameterize validity-preserving rephasings of the doubled Weyl--Heisenberg displacement operators. Requiring these operators to have order dividing the Hilbert-space dimension ${d}$ replaces each ${S^1}$ factor by a discrete ${\mathbb{Z}_{d}}$ factor. The associated symplectic-Fourier characteristic functions encode the same operator information, with pointwise magnitudes independent of the valid stencil convention and hence providing convention-independent information about the represented operator within this family. This classification separates the freedom intrinsic to DWF validity from that selected by marginal and displacement-algebra requirements and makes explicit the structural distinction between odd and even dimensions.