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arXiv · 2610.02231

A coupled geometric surface and surface reaction-diffusion framework for modelling nuclear mechanics during confined cell migration

Francesca Ballatore·Silvia Comunian·Anotida Madzvamuse·Slimane Ait-Si-Ali·Rachele Allena
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Abstract

Confined cell migration is governed by nuclear and cellular deformation. In this work, we formulate a two-dimensional mathematical framework in which the cell and nuclear membranes are represented as evolving closed surfaces governed by force-balance laws incorporating surface tension, bending elasticity, and external mechanical interactions. Nuclear mechanics depends on several factors, including chromatin organization and compaction, which are regulated by epigenetic modifications. Molecular regulation at the nuclear periphery is described by a surface reaction-diffusion system posed on the evolving nuclear surface. We apply this coupled framework to an experimentally characterized lung cancer cell model in which the balance between the enzymes SETDB1 and SUV39H1 regulates the peripheral deposition of H3K9me3. Using experimentally measured mechanical parameters, we represent control (Ctrl) and SETDB1 knockout (SETDB1 KO) conditions, which display distinct H3K9me3 distributions, especially at the nuclear periphery. Numerical solutions obtained using the evolving surface finite element method qualitatively reproduce the changes in nuclear mechanics as well as part of the experimentally observed increase in the entry time in SETDB1 KO cells. The model therefore reproduces the direction of the experimental observations, while the residual difference between simulated and measured entry times indicates that the cellular response is multifactorial.

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Francesca Ballatore, Silvia Comunian, Anotida Madzvamuse, Slimane Ait-Si-Ali, Rachele Allena. 2026-10-05. A coupled geometric surface and surface reaction-diffusion framework for modelling nuclear mechanics during confined cell migration. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02231

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