Small universal multiset reaction systems

Andrei Paun; Annemarie-Beatrix Messner

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arXiv · 2610.03021

Small universal multiset reaction systems

Andrei Paun·Annemarie-Beatrix Messner

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Abstract

This paper presents a construction of a small universal machine within the framework of Multi-set Reaction Systems. We encode the machine state using elements that represent registers and instruction labels, and we enforce sequential execution by ensuring that reaction chains for a given instruction can only activate after the corresponding label element appears. We implement a universal register machine with 8 registers and 23 instructions, showing that the priority-based model requires 87 distinct elements. The results demonstrate that multiset reaction systems are capable of simulating universal computation.

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Andrei Paun, Annemarie-Beatrix Messner. 2026-10-02. Small universal multiset reaction systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03021

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