TUR Violation, Minimal Power Fluctuation, and Enhanced Efficiency

Abstract

We investigate the performance characteristics of an active magneto gyrator that consists of an inertial charged active particle confined in a two-dimensional asymmetric parabolic potential, coupled to two thermal baths maintained at two different temperatures and in the presence of a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the plane of motion. In contrast to the passive Brownian gyrator, where the power-efficiency trade-off imposes strict operational limits, the active magneto gyrator exhibits striking violations of this rule, allowing regimes in which both output power and efficiency increase simultaneously with load strength. Moreover, while the Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR) predicts that highly efficient engines necessarily produce strongly fluctuating power, rendering the Brownian gyrator unusable as the efficiency approaches the Carnot bound, the active magneto gyrator circumvents this constraint. Specifically, it achieves high efficiency with minimal power fluctuations, thus defying the TUR. Remarkably, the efficiency can even surpass the Carnot limit and approach 100\%, without compromising stability. These results highlight the active magneto gyrator as a promising setup for designing stochastic heat engines that can transcend Carnot efficiency.