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arXiv · 2610.05876

RF Chain Count to Mitigate Beam Split in Wideband Hybrid Arrays: From Far-Field to Near-Field

Ahmed Hussain·Asmaa Abdallah Senior Member·IEEE·Abdulkadir Celik·Senior Member·Ahmed M. Eltawil
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Abstract

Deploying large antenna arrays transitions wireless communication into the radiative near-field (NF), where spherical wavefronts enable beamfocusing in the joint angle-distance domain. However, wideband beamforming with large antenna arrays suffers from beam split across both spatial dimensions. Although fully digital arrays can eliminate this impairment, their prohibitive hardware cost and power consumption motivate the adoption of hybrid array architectures equipped with a limited number of radio-frequency (RF) chains. This paper investigates the minimum number of RF chains required to mitigate the beam split. We derive closed-form expressions for the required number of RF chains in fully-connected (FC) architectures and propose an algorithm for sub-connected (SC) architectures, considering both uniform linear arrays (ULAs) and uniform circular arrays (UCAs). Our analysis reveals that beyond a focal distance of 10L, where L denotes the aperture length, the NF RF chain count converges to its far-field counterpart and becomes a function of the angle alone. Moreover, the FC hybrid architecture mitigates the beam split by using fewer RF chains than the SC architecture, albeit at the cost of increased complexity in the phase shifter network.

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Ahmed Hussain, Asmaa Abdallah Senior Member, IEEE, Abdulkadir Celik, Senior Member, Ahmed M. Eltawil. 2026-10-05. RF Chain Count to Mitigate Beam Split in Wideband Hybrid Arrays: From Far-Field to Near-Field. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.05876

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