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arXiv · 2610.07481

High-Angular-Resolution Survey of Stars within 18 pc of the Sun: Part I

F. Carolina Rojas-Galindo·Valeri G. Orlov·Rene A. Mendez·Wolfgang Brandner
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Abstract

We present the rationale, design, methodology, and observational facilities of a high-angular-resolution imaging survey of stars within 18~pc of the Sun. Our comprehensive sample consists of 2047 stars compiled from \textit{Gaia} eDR3 and complementary catalogs. The main goal is to observe as many stars from this sample as possible using high-angular-resolution techniques, considering their inherent limitations, to perform astrometry of known binary systems and determine detection limits for secondary components for each observed star. This approach may also allows us to identify previously unresolved stellar companions. Observations were carried out using the 2.1-m telescope at OAN-SPM in the North and the 3.58-m NTT in the South, employing high-speed cameras for speckle imaging. We obtained observations of 703 stars with $V < 14$~mag at OAN-SPM, and 645 stars with $I < 16$~mag at the NTT, of which 140 stars were observed in both hemispheres, for a total of 1208 unique stars observed. In this paper: (1) we present the construction of the catalog of 2047 stars within 18 pc; (2) using a control sample of 70 known close binaries within 18 pc with separations < \SI{1}{\arcsecond}, we show that selecting targets based on \textit{Gaia} quality parameters commonly used as binarity indicators--RUWE, {\tt ipd\_frac\_odd\_win}, and {\tt ipd\_frac\_multi\_peak}--can miss a significant fraction of binaries, justifying our unbiased, volume-limited survey; and (3) we present the results of pilot observations conducted with the 2.1 m telescope at OAN-SPM in July 2022. A full analysis of the complete sample will be presented in of forthcoming papers.

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F. Carolina Rojas-Galindo, Valeri G. Orlov, Rene A. Mendez, Wolfgang Brandner. 2026-10-05. High-Angular-Resolution Survey of Stars within 18 pc of the Sun: Part I. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.07481

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