Helly Numbers for Connected Reductive Groups and Splitting of Toric Principal Bundles

Abstract

For an almost simple complex algebraic group $G$ of semisimple rank $m$, we prove that a finite family of parabolic subgroups contains a common maximal torus whenever every subfamily of at most $m+2$ members does. We determine the resulting Helly number $(h(G))$ for almost simple groups of types $A$, $B$, $C$, $G_2$, $F_4$, $E_7$, and $E_8$, and obtain bounds differing by one in types $D$ and $E_6$. For general reductive groups of positive semisimple rank, the Helly number is the maximum of those of the almost simple factors. We apply these results to establish a fan-theoretic criterion characterizing smooth toric varieties on which every toric principal $G$-bundle splits equivariantly. In particular, for $d \ge 2$, this splitting property holds on $\mathbb{P}^d$ if and only if $d \ge h(G)$