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arXiv · 2610.13855

SLICE: Sequential Likelihood-Free Inference via Conformal E-Values

Stefano Cortinovis·Laura Battaglia·François Caron
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Abstract

Many scientific models can be simulated but have intractable likelihoods, making frequentist uncertainty quantification difficult. We construct exact anytime-valid confidence sequences for the parameters of such models. At each observation, fresh simulations from each candidate null conformalize a positive predictable score into a conditional e-value; their product is a test martingale, which we invert over the parameter. Validity holds for any such score, whatever its accuracy. We show that the oracle likelihood-ratio score maximizes expected log growth, which motivates approximating it with an amortized neural ratio estimator. On synthetic benchmarks, an audit of model routing in an LLM API, and microlensing data, the resulting confidence sequences stay valid under continuous monitoring, where fixed-sample methods do not, and neural scores remain competitive with exact likelihood ratios and application-specific scores.

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Stefano Cortinovis, Laura Battaglia, François Caron. 2026-10-09. SLICE: Sequential Likelihood-Free Inference via Conformal E-Values. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.13855

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