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arXiv · 2610.15238

Localized Joule heating and carbonization process optimization of 3D printed polymer structures for lab-on-CMOS applications

Mohammad Aminul Haque·Andalib Nizam·Nickolay Lavrik·Nicole Mcfarlane
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Abstract

Use of carbon electrodes integrated with CMOS technology has great promise for lab-on-chip, biomedical, environmental, and industrial applications. One method of developing carbon electrodes is to 3D print polymer nanostructures on a CMOS chip, and use a thermal annealing process to pyrolyze them into carbon at high temperature, approximately 950 °C. Such high temperature is detrimental to the CMOS sensor circuits, causing severe degradation. We present a novel solution of localized Joule heating of these polymer nanostructures to achieve complete carbonization of the electrodes. Both analytical and COMSOL simulations guided the experiments to characterize the carbonization process conditions. Partial carbonization was achieved at 500-600 °C of global temperature, and complete carbonization was achieved by localized Joule heating. Pyrolized nanostructures monolithic samples on a silica wafer were fabricated using standard material processing, such as 2-Photon Polymerization. Pyrolysis was achieved by Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP). Observations using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated the feasibility of polymer carbonization within a CMOS compatible temperature window.

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Mohammad Aminul Haque, Andalib Nizam, Nickolay Lavrik, Nicole Mcfarlane. 2026-10-11. Localized Joule heating and carbonization process optimization of 3D printed polymer structures for lab-on-CMOS applications. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.15238

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