A Multi-View Low-Latency Direction-Sensing for Low-Altitude Network via a Multi-Armed Array

Abstract

Due to the directional antenna pattern, the received signal power decreases when the target deviates from the array boresight, degrading direction-sensing accuracy. Although rotatable arrays can alleviate this problem, repeated array rotations will induce an incremental long sensing latency. To break the dilemma of harvesting the directive gain from element and making a low-latency sensing, a multi-armed array comprising multiple subarrays with different orientations is proposed to provide wide spatial coverage encompassing low-altitude and terrestrial regions while enabling multi-view direction sensing. However, the different views lead to different direction-sensing accuracies. To fully exploit the complementary information from multiple views, two fusion methods, called SNR-weighted fusion and logistic-weighted fusion, are developed. The former directly assigns fusion weights according to the estimated received SNRs, whereas the latter employs an exponential SNR mapping to further emphasize high-SNR subarrays. Furthermore, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived to provide a theoretical benchmark for the proposed multi-view direction-sensing system. Simulation results show that logistic-weighted fusion achieves better accuracy in the very low-SNR regime, while both proposed methods approach the CRLB at medium and high SNRs and maintain stable sensing performance.