Gaps between roots in ballistic deposition on a strip: linear variance, Gaussian limits and a Poisson regime

Abstract

Mansour, Rastegar and Roitershtein studied the roots of ballistic deposition on a cyclic strip of $K$ sites, namely the sites that receive a particle at height one, and the number $D_{i,K}$ of pairs of consecutive roots at distance $i+1$. They computed the first two moments of $D_{i,K}$ for $i\le7$. They conjectured that for every $i$ the mean and the variance are exactly linear in $K$, that $D_{i,K}$ satisfies a central limit theorem, and that the standardized vector $(D_{i,K})_{i\ge1}$ converges to a Gaussian process. We prove these conjectures. The key observation is that the roots are exactly the valleys of a uniformly random circular arrangement, so that $D_{i,K}$ counts occurrences of a family of consecutive patterns. We determine sizes from which the moments are exactly linear, which cannot be lowered in any case we checked, and give closed forms for the mean and variance constants and for the limiting covariance. We also prove a Wasserstein bound of order $(\mathbb{E} D_{i,K})^{-1/2}$ that is uniform in $i$, and a local limit theorem. Finally we describe the limit completely when $i$ grows with $K$: it is degenerate, Poisson or Gaussian according as $\mathbb{E} D_{i,K}$ tends to zero, to a positive constant, or to infinity.