Fundamental Bounds on the Oscillation Efficiency of Markov Networks

Chen Jia

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arXiv · 2610.23310

Fundamental Bounds on the Oscillation Efficiency of Markov Networks

Chen Jia

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Abstract

Stochastic oscillations are commonly identified through peaks in their power spectra, yet the fundamental limits on their strength and energetic cost remain unclear. Here we establish universal dynamical and thermodynamic bounds on oscillation efficiency in Markov networks, showing how finite state spaces constrain spectral peak enhancement. In particular, we demonstrate that networks maximizing modal coherence need not maximize oscillation efficiency. We further derive dissipation bounds that connect oscillation efficiency to the relaxation speed and stationary probabilities, revealing an unavoidable energetic cost of maintaining pronounced oscillations at a specified relaxation timescale. These bounds remain strictly positive in regimes where existing explicit spectral dissipation estimates vanish, with stronger constraints for normal networks and uniform rings. Our results distinguish spectral oscillatory strength from modal coherence and reveal how network dynamics and thermodynamic dissipation jointly limit stochastic oscillations.

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Chen Jia. 2026-10-16. Fundamental Bounds on the Oscillation Efficiency of Markov Networks. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.23310

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