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arXiv · 2610.23425

ExHaLe-jet: Modeling blazar jets with an extended hadro-leptonic radiation code

M. Zacharias·A. Zech·A. Reimer·C. Boisson
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Abstract

Blazars - active galaxies with the jet pointing at Earth - emit across all electromagnetic wavelengths. As the one-zone model becomes increasingly inadequate to describe blazar emission, more elaborate models are needed. In order to self-consistently describe the entire electromagnetic spectrum, extended jet models are necessary. Notably, kinetic descriptions of extended jets can provide the temporal and spatial evolution of the particle species and the full electromagnetic output. ExHaLe-jet is a lepto-hadronic, extended-jet code allowing for in-depth studies of the particle and radiation evolution on all scales. Here, we present our ongoing study regarding acceleration scenarios of particles within the large-scale jet structure. A single acceleration of particles at the jet base (or elsewhere) is insufficient to produce sufficient photon flux. Thus, re-acceleration through, e.g., consecutive shocks along the jet is needed. We explore two possible scenarios for this.

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M. Zacharias, A. Zech, A. Reimer, C. Boisson. 2026-10-16. ExHaLe-jet: Modeling blazar jets with an extended hadro-leptonic radiation code. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.23425

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