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arXiv · 2610.23647

Mass, forces, and the dark sector in a Kaluza-Klein model with 6 compact dimensions

Manfred M. Vieten
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Abstract

(1) Objective: This study seeks to calculate the meson and baryon masses and to investigate the dynamics within hadrons and lepton pairs by formulating a unified physical framework that, in addition to gravitation, simultaneously incorporates the strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions. (2) Method: A framework inspired by the Standard Model and based on Kaluza-Klein theory is formulated using an extended general-relativistic description in a spacetime of one temporal, three spatial, and six compactified dimensions. The model suggests that excitations, deformations of the 10-dimensional spacetime traveling at light-speed, contribute to mass and distinct spin characteristics in a 4-dimensional setting. Using the electron g-factor, charged-lepton masses, and masses of the proton, neutron, and neutral and charged pion, neutral and charged rho, phi, psi, upsilon mesons, the parameters compactification radius rho, weak interaction coupling alpha_w, strong interaction coupling alpha_s, flavor constants A_i and the antineutrino/neutrino density ratio delta3 are determined and used to compute the masses of the hadrons. (3) Key results: Masses of 102 hadrons are obtained; comparison with data from 71 measurements shows relative errors below 0.05 in 70%, below 0.1 in 89% and below 0.2 in 100%, with a correlation coefficient r=0.997 between the measured and calculated masses. Thirty-one additional hadron masses are predicted, and the model identifies asymmetries in electric and weak forces, as well as distance- and velocity-dependent interactions. (4) Implications: The framework offers testable predictions for hadron spectroscopy, predicts sterile, exclusive gravitationally interacting bosons as dark-matter candidates, states the equations for the elementary forces, and suggests possible connections between force asymmetries and dark energy.

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Manfred M. Vieten. 2026-10-16. Mass, forces, and the dark sector in a Kaluza-Klein model with 6 compact dimensions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.23647

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